Chapter OneIntroduction        
　　11Origins of the Study             
　　12Research Models              
　　13Research Questions               
　　14Stages of the Research              
　　15Organization of the Book            

Chapter TwoLiterature Review of Washback Studies
　　21Relationship Between Teaching and Testing
　　22Definitions of Washback          
　　23Assertions about Washback          
　　24Theoretical Frameworks for Washback Studies   
　　25Empirical Studies of Washback and Impact       
26Proposals to Promote Beneficial Washback       
　　27Washback Studies in China          
28Summary              

Chapter ThreeHistorical Overview of the CET
　　31Context of the CET: College English Teaching Since 1978

　　32Aspects of the CET      
　　33Summary          
　　
Chapter FourResearch Methodology
　　41Classroom Observation
　　42Questionnaire Surveys
　　43Interviews
　　44Other Research Methods
　　45Summary

Chapter FiveCET Stakeholders’Perceptions of the Test and Its
Washback
　　51Conference Participants’ Perceptions
　　52Teachers and Students’ Perceptions Nationwide
　　53Sampled University Teachers and Students’ Perceptions

　　54CET Stakeholders’ Proposals to Promote Beneficial CET Washback

　　55Summary

Chapter SixCharacteristics of College English Teaching and Learning
in the Classroom
　　61Teaching Content
　　62Teaching Methods
63Teaching Pace
　　64Attitudes towards Teaching
　　65Individual Differences—Case Studies of Three Teachers’  Lessons

　　66Summary
　　
Chapter SevenTestoriented Practice
　　71Selection of Reading Passages and Quality of Test Items

　　72Overall Analysis of the Fortyfive Reading Passages in Jing’s Book

　　73Specific Analysis of Eight Reading Passages from Jing’s Book

74Causes and Consequences of Testoriented Practice
　　75Summary

Chapter EightExaminee Output in the CET Writing and Speaking Tests

　　81Test of Writing in the CET
　　82Analysis of Examinee Output in the CET Writing Test
　　83Test of Speaking in the CET
84Analysis of Examinee Output in the CET Speaking Test

　　85Summary
　　
Chapter NineMajor Factors Exerting Influence on College English Teaching and Learning
　　91Administrative Measures
　　92Teacher Factors
　　93Learner Factors
 94Summary

Chapter TenConclusions
　　101Summary of Major Findings
102Suggestions and Feedback to CET Stakeholders
　　103Evaluation of the Research
　　104Recommendations for Further Studies

Bibliography

Appendices
　　Appendix IQuestionnaire Surveys
　　Appendix IIClassroom Observation
　　Appendix IIITest Results of the Eight Reading Passages
Positive or Negative—
An Empirical Study of CET Washback