Introduction to Grammar 　What is grammar? 　Why do we study grammar? 　Grammatical hierarchy Chapter 1　The Parts of Speech 　Diagnostic test 　Explanation 　　A．The noun 　　B．The pronoun 　　C．The adjective 　　D．The verb 　　E．The adverb 　　F．The preposition 　　G．The conjunction 　　H．The interjection Chapter 2　The Parts of a Sentence 　Diagnostic test 　Explanation 　　A．Subject and predicate 　　B．How to find the subject of a sentence 　　C．Complements 　　D．Direct and indirect object 　　E．The object complement 　　F．Subject complement Chapter 3　The Phrase and the Clause 　Diagnostic test 　Explanation 　　Ⅰ．The phrase rank 　　A．Noun phrases and verb phrases 　　B．Adjective phrases and adverb phrases 　　C．The prepositional phrases 　　Ⅱ．The clause rank 　　A．The relative clause 　　B．The noun clause 　　C．The adverbial clause 　　D．The subordinating conjunction 　　E．Sentences classified by structure 　　F．Sentences classified by purpose Chapter 4　The Subject-Verb Agreement 　Diagnostic test 　Explanation 　　A．Guiding principles 　　B．Problems of agreement with nouns ending in -s 　　C．Problems of agreement with collective nouns 　　D．Problems of agreement with subject containing coordinate forms 　　E．Problems of agreement with expressions of quantity 　　F．Problems of agreement with noun clause as subject 　　G．Problems of agreement in relative-clause and existential sentence Chapter 5　The Determiners 　Diagnostic test 　Explanation 　　A．Function and classes of determiners 　　B．Pre-determiners 　　C．Collocations between determiners 　　D．Article idiomatic usage Chapter 6　Correct Use of Pronouns 　Diagnostic test 　Explanation 　　A．Personal pronouns 　　B．Reflexive pronouns, emphatic pronouns and each other 　　C．The pronoun one/ones 　　D．Everyone, something, etc Chapter 7　Verb Tenses and Aspects 　Diagnostic test 　Explanation 　　A．Comparison between present progressive and simple present 　　B．Comparison between present perfect and simple past 　　C．Comparison between past progressive and simple past 　　D．Comparison between present perfect progressive and present perfect 　　E．Comparison between past simple and past perfect 　　F．Past perfect progressive 　　G．Ways of expressing future time Chapter 8　Active and Passive Voice 　Diagnostic test 　Explanation 　　A．The use of the passive 　　B．Tenses and aspects in the passive 　　C．The passive with get 　　D．Special passive patterns 　　E．Passive + to-infinitive or active participle 　　F．The passive to-infinitive and present participle 　　G．Active forms with a passive meaning 　　H．The passive or be + adjective 　　I．The passive of phrasal verbs Chapter 9　The Subjunctive Mood 　Diagnostic test 　Explanation 　　A．Be-subjunctive 　　B．Were-subjunctive Chapter 10　Auxiliary Verbs 　Diagnostic test 　Explanation 　　A．The primary auxiliary verbs (do,have,be) 　　B．The modal auxiliaries 　　C．The NICE properties of auxiliaries 　　D．Semi-auxiliaries Chapter 11　Non-Finite Verbs 　Diagnostic test 　Explanation 　　A．Infinitive and the infinitive phrase 　　B．Ing-participle 　　C．Ing-participle clauses 　　D．Ing-participle or ed-participle clauses? Chapter 12　Adjectives, Adverbs and Their Phrases 　Diagnostic test 　Explanation 　　A．Adjective patterns 　　B．Adjectives used in one position only 　　C．Adjectives and participles 　　D．The order of adjectives 　　E．Adjectives used as nouns 　　F．Adjectives or adverbs 　　G．Comparative and superlative forms 　　H．Patterns expressing a comparison 　　I．Adverbs and word order Chapter 13　Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases 　Diagnostic test 　Explanation 　　A．The other functions of prepositional phrases 　　B．Prepositions of place 　　C．Prepositions of time 　　D．Idiomatic phrases with prepositions 　　E．Noun+preposition 　　F．Prepositional verbs 　　G．Verb+objece+preposition 　　H．Phrasal verbs Chapter 14　Statements and Questions 　Diagnostic test 　Explanation 　　A．Statement 　　B．Negative statements 　　C．Questions Chapter 15　Coordination and Subordination 　Diagnostic tes 　Explanation 　　A．Coordinate ideas 　　B．Subordinate ideas 　　C．Adverbial clauses chapter 16　Conditional Clauses 　Diagnostic test 　Explanation 　　A．Introduction 　　B．Type 0 conditionals 　　C．Type 1 conditionals 　　D．Type 2 conditionals 　　E．Type 3 conditionals 　　F．If,as long as,unless,in case,etc. 　　G．Should,were,had and inversion 　　H．Implied conditions Chapter 17　Noun Clauses 　Diagnostic test 　Explanation 　　A．Introduction 　　B．Patterns with noun clauses 　　C．Direct and indirect speech Chapter 18　Relative Clauses 　Diagnostic test 　Explanation 　　A．Identifying clauses 　　B．Classifying clauses 　　C．Adding clauses 　　D．Connective clauses 　　E．The comparison of the identifying clause and the adding clause 　　F．The comparison of the classifying clause and the adding clause 　　G．Relative pronouns 　　H．The pattern a quantifier + of whom/of which 　　I．A special use of which 　　J．The use of that 　　K．Relative adverbs Chapter 19　Leaving Out and Replacing Words 　Diagnostic test 　Explanation 　　A．Avoiding repetition 　　B．Leaving out words after the auxiliary 　　C．Leaving out an infinitive clause 　　D．Leaving out words after a question word 　　E．Leaving out words through coordination 　　F．Leaving out words at the beginning of a sentence 　　G．Patterns with too, either, so and neither/nor 　　H．Do so, do it and do tha 　　I．Some other ways of avoiding repetition Chapter 20　Information and Emphasis 　Diagnostic test 　Explanation 　　A．Word order and information 　　B．Front-position 　　C．The empty there and it 　　D．There or it 　　E．Emphasis Key to Exercises Bibliography